2014年世界計(jì)量日 主題計(jì)量應(yīng)對(duì)能源挑戰(zhàn)

Message from the BIPM Director

WORLD METROLOGY DAY 2014

Martin Milton
Director of the BIPM

Measurements and the global energy challenge

The availability of energy from many different sources is vital for our lives today. The well-being of industry, commerce and the maintenance of our quality of life depend on safe, secure, sustainable and affordable energy.

獲取從不同來(lái)源的能源對(duì)我們今日的生活來(lái)說(shuō)至關(guān)重要。無(wú)論工商業(yè)的興旺還是維持我們的生活質(zhì)量，都離不開安全可靠可持續(xù)可擔(dān)負(fù)的能源。

The challenge of meeting the ever-increasing demand for energy, whilst controlling costs and minimizing damage to the Earth, is leading to the development of new sources of energy and greater efficiency in its use. This progress is only possible because providers and users of energy can have access to a globally recognized basis for the measurement of energy in its many different forms.

如何既滿足日益增長(zhǎng)的能源需求又能控制成本并使地球的破壞盡可能小，對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)。它引導(dǎo)我們提高現(xiàn)有能源的利用效率并不斷開發(fā)新能源。而只有在供應(yīng)方和使用方對(duì)于許多不同形式的能源的測(cè)量能達(dá)成全球共識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，這項(xiàng)進(jìn)程才可能開展。

For example, measurements provide the basis for:

·consumers to compare prices from different energy suppliers,

·industry to evaluate the return on exploration for new energy sources, and

·researchers to validate their claims for new energy technologies.

例如，計(jì)量是以下的基礎(chǔ)：

消費(fèi)者得以在不同能源供應(yīng)商之間比較價(jià)格，

企業(yè)的新能源開發(fā)得以回報(bào)，

研究者得以驗(yàn)證新能源技術(shù)的要求

All of these are possible because there is access around the world to a measurement system originating from the Metre Convention, and now based on the International System of Units (SI).

所有這一切都是可能的，因?yàn)槿蚨疾⑷肓私y(tǒng)一的測(cè)量體系，它發(fā)端于米制大會(huì)，現(xiàn)在稱之為國(guó)際單位制。

The measurement of energy has always been one of the central challenges that has shaped our system of base and derived units. The need to measure temperature, electricity and light is motivated by the need to quantify sources of energy and has led to the development of the kelvin, the ampere and the candela, all of which are base units in the SI.

能源測(cè)量總是中心挑戰(zhàn)之一，它構(gòu)成了我們的基本單位和導(dǎo)出單位系統(tǒng)。對(duì)能源量化的需求激勵(lì)了對(duì)溫度、電以及光的測(cè)量需求，促進(jìn)了開爾文、安培、和坎德拉這些SI基本單位的發(fā)展。

The first methods for measuring temperature, electricity and light were developed in the nineteenth century to meet the needs of an industrial revolution powered by coal and gas. Nowadays the challenge of measuring new forms of energy continues to inspire research in metrology. For example, national metrology institutes around the world are working to develop new methods:

第一個(gè)測(cè)量溫度、電和光的方法，是為了滿足由煤與瓦斯驅(qū)動(dòng)的工業(yè)革命的需要，而于十九世紀(jì)發(fā)展起來(lái)的。今天，測(cè)量新形式能源的挑戰(zhàn)持續(xù)激發(fā)著計(jì)量領(lǐng)域的研究。例如，全世界的國(guó)家計(jì)量機(jī)構(gòu)都在發(fā)展新的方法：

·to ensure that the efficiency of solar photovoltaic technologies is measured accurately,

·to improve the lifetime and performance of the materials used in wind and wave power systems,

·to validate new approaches to reducing emissions from power stations, and

·to underpin the complex commercial transactions taking place in modern electricity grids.

來(lái)確保太陽(yáng)能光伏技術(shù)的準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量

來(lái)改善風(fēng)力和潮汐發(fā)電材料的壽命和性能

來(lái)驗(yàn)證電廠減少氣體排放的新方法

來(lái)支撐現(xiàn)代電網(wǎng)中復(fù)雜的商業(yè)交易

This research involves collaboration between institutes in different countries and the results feed in to and strengthen the existing infrastructure for the international recognition of measurements. In this way the metrology community contributes to the world-wide efforts to meet the global energy challenge.

這項(xiàng)研究需要各國(guó)機(jī)構(gòu)通力合作，其結(jié)果傳遞到和加強(qiáng)現(xiàn)有對(duì)于測(cè)量的國(guó)際共識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。這就是計(jì)量界對(duì)全球能源挑戰(zhàn)的貢獻(xiàn)。

Message from the BIML Director

WORLD METROLOGY DAY 2014

Stephen Patoray
Director the BIML

Measurements and the global energy challenge

When the 2014 WMD topic was first proposed, I began to think about what the global energy challenge is, and the role that measurements and especially legal metrology play in it.

當(dāng)?shù)谝淮螛?gòu)思2014世界計(jì)量日的主題時(shí)，我開始思考全球能源的挑戰(zhàn)是什么，計(jì)量，尤其是法制計(jì)量又在其中扮演什么樣的角色。

While measurements are central to most basic decisions on energy usage, there are many other aspects of the global energy challenge which are much more complex:

盡管計(jì)量在能源使用中基本處于決策的中心環(huán)節(jié)，然而能源挑戰(zhàn)的許多其他方面仍然非常棘手。

§global population growth;全球人口增長(zhǎng)

§emerging economies;新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體

§complex technologies;復(fù)雜的技術(shù)

§increasing consumer demands;增長(zhǎng)的消費(fèi)需求

§higher quality of life;更高的生活質(zhì)量

§etc.其他

These factors may result in significant increases in demand for all types of energy which in turn may result in environmental changes and pollution. This demand requires redistributing existing energy supplies, increasing energy production and developing alternative energies. It became clear to me that I needed to break this down into smaller, more manageable pieces of information so I could better understand the role of legal metrology.

這些因素可能引起對(duì)各種能源需求的巨大增長(zhǎng)，這同時(shí)也會(huì)引起環(huán)境的改變和污染。這個(gè)巨大需求需要重新分配能源供給，提高能源產(chǎn)量以及開發(fā)替代能源。顯然，我需要將這些問(wèn)題分解細(xì)化成更易于管理的信息，我才能更好理解法制計(jì)量所扮演的角色。

I began to realize that no matter how complex this challenge seems to be, it comes down to individual choices regarding the energy we use in our daily lives. It makes no difference whether we are talking about national or local governments, large or small companies, organizations or individuals. However, to make good choices we need information, much of which is based on measurements. For the results of these measurements to be useful we must have confidence in the instruments and the processes used. To ensure this confidence, the instruments must comply with performance requirements laid down in internationally recognized written standards.

我開始意識(shí)到不管這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)看起來(lái)多復(fù)雜，它都取決于我們每個(gè)人日常生活中如何選擇所用的能源。不管我們談?wù)摰氖菄?guó)家政府還是地方政府，大企業(yè)還是小公司，組織還是個(gè)人，這都沒有區(qū)別。然而，要做出正確選擇，我們需要得到信息，而大部分信息基于測(cè)量。測(cè)量結(jié)果是否有效，來(lái)自于我們對(duì)所使用的儀器和處理過(guò)程的信心。為保證這個(gè)信心，儀器性能必須符合國(guó)際公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Many instruments under legal metrological control are linked to our consumption of energy:

許多儀器受法制計(jì)量監(jiān)管用于測(cè)量我們的能源消耗：

§some are directly linked, such as gas meters, electricity meters and fuel dispensers;

§一些是直接用于能源計(jì)量的，如燃?xì)獗黼娔鼙砑佑蜋C(jī)等

§some are indirectly linked, such as the air pressure in the our car tires; and

§一些是間接的，如胎壓表等

§others are linked to the consequences of energy production, such as pollution from power plants, exhaust emissions from our cars, and now, increasingly, the measurement of greenhouse gases.

§其他則是與能源生產(chǎn)的結(jié)果有關(guān)，例如來(lái)自電廠的污染，汽車的尾氣排放，以及當(dāng)下快速增長(zhǎng)的溫室氣體

The vital role that measurements and especially legal metrology play in this global challenge is now very clear to me.

現(xiàn)在對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，計(jì)量尤其是法制計(jì)量在全球能源挑戰(zhàn)所扮演的重要角色是非常明晰了。

As we join together to celebrate World Metrology Day, we should all be aware and be thankful that there are knowledgeable, highly skilled and dedicated people, not just in the legal metrology community but across the many businesses in the energy sectors, who are working every day to ensure that we have the systems in place to provide accurate, internationally accepted equipment and measurements. Thanks to these people we are all able to have confidence in the decisions we make with respect to all the measurements we need in order to address the global energy challenge.

當(dāng)我們匯聚一堂共同慶祝世界計(jì)量日之時(shí)，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)意識(shí)到并感謝那些有知識(shí)有技術(shù)并為之奉獻(xiàn)的人，不僅僅是法制計(jì)量界，還包括許多從事能源相關(guān)行業(yè)的人們。正是因?yàn)橛辛怂麄內(nèi)找沟墓ぷ鳎_保我們有井井有條的測(cè)量系統(tǒng)來(lái)提供準(zhǔn)確的、國(guó)際接受的的設(shè)備和測(cè)量結(jié)果。感謝他們，讓我們對(duì)我們的決定有信心，用我們所需要的測(cè)量系統(tǒng)來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)全球能源挑戰(zhàn)。

頂鹵煮，好資料。

very  good !太好了！

很不錯(cuò)的資料，開拓眼界

非常不錯(cuò)，希望大家都重視計(jì)量行業(yè)。

還沒到520呢就放出這個(gè)啊，今年的效率是不是有點(diǎn)高啊